I-6 Rufino Tamayo

La gran galaxia (The great galaxy)

Overview

  • Discuss La gran galaxia by Rufino Tamayo.
  • Learn about silhouettes and cool colors.
  • Create a night constellation.

Reflection

  • What is the title of your artwork?
La gran galaxia by Rufino Tamayo
La gran galaxia (The great galaxy) by Rufino Tamayo, 1978, Oil on canvas, 37.72×11.69 in(95.8×29.7 cm), Artwork by Rufino Tamayo, © D.R. Rufino Tamayo / Herederos / México / 2026 / Fundación Olga y Rufino Tamayo, A.C. / Licensed by Artists Rights Society, image credit: Tamayo Museum of Contemporary Art Collection, INBAL – Secretariat of Culture

Discussion Presentation

Discussion Questions

What is the figure doing? Does it look realistic?
The figure is a silhouette of an outlined shadow peering into the sky. The presence of constellations tells us it’s nighttime, but there is enough light to highlight the constellation side of the figure.

Where do you see any patterns or textures?
Tamayo mixed sand into paint to add tactile, rough textures and earthy tones to his art. Patterns of green stripes and stars are against a very textured nighttime sky.

Do you think this painting would feel different if
colors, like red, orange, and yellow were used? Night is when the earth cools down. Green, blue, and purple are cool colors used to create La gran galaxia and its silhouetted viewer.

Biography

  • Rufino Tamayo (roo•FEE•noh tah•MAH•yoh) was a Mexican artist from Mexico.
  • He mixed ancient Zapotec and his Mexican heritage into modern style of art.
  • He invented mixografia, a printing technique of adding sand in the paint for earthen-texture.
  • He focused on themes of the cosmos and the human condition, instead of 1940-50’s politics.

1899-1991: Rufino Tamayo was a Zapotec-Mexican artist known for his international success and commitment to indigenous traditions. He lived in New York and Paris, distancing himself from the overtly political muralist movement to develop his own style.

Tamayo’s style focuses on a “sobriety of color,” using a limited palette to achieve greater force and meaning. He pioneered “Mixografia,” a patented printing process that creates three-dimensional, high-relief works with immense texture. By mixing sand into his paint, he created earthy, tactile surfaces with a sculptural quality. His work blends European modernism with pre-Hispanic aesthetics, emphasizing the “Sun” as a constant influence that distinguishes his unique Mexican identity.

Dos Personajes Atacados por Perros is a masterwork created using the Mixografia process. This piece perfectly demonstrates Tamayo’s famous style by utilizing high-relief texture and solid materials to create a 3D effect that makes the vibrant, earthy colors appear as physical, sculptural objects.

Student Gallery

Project

Materials
  • sketch paper
  • 9×12 royal blue paper
  • drawing pencil
  • soft chalk pastels
  • kneaded eraser
  • paper towel
  • fixative or aerosol hair spray
  • How to Draw Constellations handout
Warm Up & Brainstorm
  • 3-minute sketch: use How to Draw Constellations handout.
Project Directions

Night Constellation

1. Draw horizon line and silhouette.
Use white chalk pastel to draw the horizon line and silhouetted figure on 9×12 royal blue paper.

2. Create blended night sky.
Use broad strokes of chalk pastel to cover the nighttime sky. Use finger or paper towel to softly blend colors into each other.

3. Create textured land.
Decide if land is earth-tones or grass. Explore blending colors and adding texture.

4. Create constellations.
Use white chalk pastel to create various sized dots and stars. Connect them with straight lines to show the constellation patterns.

5. Create the silhouette.
Use black chalk pastel for a final silhouette fill. Add light highlights on the star side of the silhouette.

6. Give artwork a title.

Pre-Lesson Preparation
  • No prep required.
Day of Lesson Setup
  • Demo chalk pastel techniques: line widths and blending two colors with a piece of paper towel or fingertip to soften the lighter color into the darker color.
  • Tip: do not use pencil on the project paper, chalk pastel does not stick to the graphite.
  • Tip: use black chalk pastel last.
  • Emphasize: do not blow chalk dust. Turn project paper over and tap once to remove excess dust.
  • Tip: adults, spray the fixative. Hold aerosol 6-8 in. from paper and spray evenly across entire paper. Spray outside if possible.
  • To prevent chalk transfer, cover with a piece of paper.

Lesson Handouts

Additional Resources

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